关于《雾都孤儿》和查尔斯·狄更斯

[摘要]查尔斯·狄更斯是英国文学史上杰出的现实主义作家。《雾都孤儿》是他的代表作之一。小说描写了伦敦地层 社会 中贫苦儿童的悲惨生活,揭露了贫民救济所的黑暗。他所塑造的人物,在今天读来仍栩栩如生。

[关键词]查尔斯·狄更斯;《雾都孤儿》;批判现实主义者;批判现实主义

abstrat: harles dikens as s prinent ritial the haraters he reated ere realist in english literature, vivid even n, liver tist as ne f his asterpiees in refleting the real and terrible life f lndn underrld.

key rds: harles dikens; liver tist; ritial realist; ritial realis

1、harles dikens

id 19th entury f england beteen thse nservative pet s and prse - riters there ere a nuber f nvelist s. the y had a rld f sypathy fr the iseries and a strng feeling fr lathe pr la2 bring asses. they ried flut lud against sial injustie but they als did nt apprve f vilene t fight the sial rng. they had been knn as ritial realist s in the sense that they ere strngly ritial f the sial reality f their tie but they had never thught f verthring the existing sial rder that in this ay , they uld establish a ne ne.

these ritial realist s f the id - 19ta entury ere all hnest peple and real artist s in spite f their liitatins in their general pint f vie n life. by expsing the sial injustie and the vies f the upper lass , they put their heart s int depiting the iserable existene f the n peple ; they gave at ruthful piture f apitalist england f the tie. they flled the fine traditin f their great literary predeessrs f 18a entury realis and early 19th entury rantiis. they shed their ar sypathy n thse peple h suffered a lt .the greatest f the ritial realist s as harles dikens. in his early years , he rked as a reprter and this experiene gave hi a gd knledge f the plitial life f england at that tie and it had a far reahing effet upn his lifelng ntept fr all the plitial institutins as pratie in england. as the result f his ability t ntie things f lndn life , a vlue f stries and skethes f lndn street senes , skethes f bz , as published. in 1837 , his first nvel pikik papers appeared and established his reputatin as an iprtant riter f the tie. this suess as repeated again and again during the rest f his life , ith the publiatin f se 15 nvels as ell as vlues f stries , t travelgues and untless skethes and essays. in his very early literary perid , dikens attaked ne r re speifi evils in vitrian england : debtrs prisn , rkhuse , yrkshire shls , apital punishent and s n. the st iprtant f these nvels as s611 ne f ptiis and a light and heery tne , hih as aintained , ith plenty f hur and laughter. ith the reatinary fres f the iddle lass h ere running re rapant , dikens as re alive t the sial reality and beae re ritial. n , his ptiisti spirit as replaed by strng feelings f depressin and resentent . it as a suessful perid in hih dikens attained t his aturity as a great artist . the hle perid as als haraterized by the hange and develpent f the great nvelist artisti style. his h - ,nr and satire this tie just gradually gave a pint t his sentientality , his d f inhibitin and a kind f draati tensin.2、liver tist

liver tist as dikens’ send nvel , hih arked the beginning f dikens’ literary life. it began t appear in a nthly agazine. “i had perhaps the best subjet i have ever thught f , i have thrn y hle heart and sul int liver. ”

that it s general purpse as lear in his ind as evident f r his later - ritten prefae : “i ished t sh , in little liver , the priniple f gd surviving thrugh every adverse irustane and t triuphing at last ”. the panins ang h he as t be t ried ere the riinals f lndn’s under2rld. the authr depited it nt in a ranti d just as his nteprary nvels , but shed uh iserable reality. that reality as the great and enduring strength f the bk. dikens kne it a lt by lse bservatin , hih he had already denst rated in , had nespaper skethes f lndn street s and riinal urt . als , there as anther reasn , that is , he kne it by his n experiene. he as brn in a prvident ay ; s even hen he as very yung , he suffered a lt . he kne thse kinds f feeling and f urse he uld share the slitary hild’s pain , fr he beildered in thse years hen he hand labred hpelessly in the blaking - arehuse. as he said uh later , hiself ight have bee a little rbber r a little vagabnd. that perid f tie as s bitter and galling t this sensitive by that any years later , hen he as very suessful , he uld nt lk bak upn it ithut tears in his eyes. aybe it as the ain reasn that hy he tk uh re attentin t n peple’s lives and their feelings.

3、liver tist’s influene and literary value

liver tist as ne f the st iprtant sial nvels in dikens’ early rks. als , it as the first tie that dikens led readers int a very sad rld. the desriptin f the riinal slus f lndn that little liver lived brught dikens a ne lass f serius readers interested in sial refr. peple started t think abut sial reasns fr all f thse riinal phenena. and in this nvel , dikens advates his vie f rld haritable persn ill have gd repense. liver tist as faus fr expsing the dark sides f peple lived ut that tie. it expsed the hypritial and ruelty f parish rkhuse thrugh depiting the little rphan by liver tist’s hildhd in it . he gave realisti pitures f the hrrible existene in rkhuse. ne f the iprtant harateristis f liver tist as the real and speifi desriptin f peple h lived in the btt f siety. their iserable lives , inluding all the details , gave the readers a real feeling : these ere fitins. als ,it as the first tie that any sall ptates appeared in english literature. dikens arried the gd t radiatins f realis nvels sine 18th entury f england and als develped it . he reated his unique tehnique and fred his n style. dikens’ rks axe very iprtant in english literary histry. they established the base f ritial realis and had effet upn the develpent f the hle eurpean realis nvels. liver tist as harles dikens’ first authenti nvel and als as the first tie that he led readers int a real but terrible life f underrld. this nvel as a vivid piture and harles dikens as an exellent realist .

参考 文献

[1]王佐良. 英国文学史[] . 北京:商务出版社,1996.

[2]陈挺. 狄更斯[] . 沈阳:辽宁人民出版社,1982.

[3]罗经国. 狄更斯评论集[] . 上海:上海译文出版社,1981.·40 · 玉溪师范学院学报