关于《雾都孤儿》和查尔斯·狄更斯
[摘要]查尔斯·狄更斯是英国文学史上杰出的现实主义作家。《雾都孤儿》是他的代表作之一。小说描写了伦敦地层 社会 中贫苦儿童的悲惨生活,揭露了贫民救济所的黑暗。他所塑造的人物,在今天读来仍栩栩如生。
[关键词]查尔斯·狄更斯;《雾都孤儿》;批判现实主义者;批判现实主义
Abstrat: harles Dikens as s prinent ritial the haraters he reated ere realist in English literature, vivid even n, liver Tist as ne f his asterpiees in refleting the real and terrible life f Lndn underrld.
Key rds: harles Dikens; liver Tist; ritial realist; ritial realis
1、harles Dikens
id 19th entury f England beteen thse nservative pet s and prse - riters there ere a nuber f nvelist s. The y had a rld f sypathy fr the iseries and a strng feeling fr lathe pr la2 bring asses. They ried Flut lud against sial injustie but they als did nt apprve f vilene t fight the sial rng. They had been knn as ritial realist s in the sense that they ere strngly ritial f the sial reality f thEir tie but they had never thught f verthring the existing sial rder that in this ay , they uld establish a ne ne.
These ritial realist s f the id - 19ta entury ere all hnest peple and real artist s in spite f their liitatins in their general pint f vie n life. By expsing the sial injustie and the vies f the upper lass , they put their heart s int depiting the iserable existene f the n peple ; they gave at ruthful piture f apitalist England f the tie. They flled the fine traditin f their great literary predeessrs f 18a entury realis and early 19th entury rantiis. They shed their ar sypathy n thse peple h suffered a lt .The greatest f the ritial realist s as harles Dikens. In his early years , he rked as a reprter and this experiene gave hi a gd knledge f the plitial life f England at that tie and it had a far reahing effet upn his lifelng ntept fr all the plitial institutins as pratie in England. As the result f his ability t ntie things f Lndn life , a vlue f stries and skethes f Lndn street senes , Skethes f Bz , as published. In 1837 , his first nvel Pikik Papers appeared and established his reputatin as an iprtant riter f the tie. This suess as repeated again and again during the rest f his life , ith the publiatin f se 15 nvels as ell as vlues f stries , t travelgues and untless skethes and essays. In his very early literary perid , Dikens attaked ne r re speifi evils in Vitrian England : debtrs prisn , rkhuse , Yrkshire shls , apital punishent and s n. The st iprtant f these nvels as s611 ne f ptiis and a light and heery tne , hih as aintained , ith plenty f hur and laughter. ith the reatinary fres f the iddle lass h ere running re rapant , Dikens as re alive t the sial reality and beae re ritial. N , his ptiisti spirit as replaed by strng feelings f depressin and resentent . It as a suessful perid in hih Dikens attained t his aturity as a great artist . The hle perid as als haraterized by the hange and develpent f the great nvelist artisti style. His h - ,nr and satire this tie just gradually gave a pint t his sentientality , his d f inhibitin and a kind f draati tensin.2、liver Tist
liver Tist as Dikens’ send nvel , hih arked the beginning f Dikens’ literary life. It began t appear in a nthly agazine. “I had perhaps the best subjet I have ever thught f , I have thrn y hle heart and sul int liver. ”
That it s general purpse as lear in his ind as evident f r his later - ritten prefae : “I ished t sh , in little liver , the priniple f Gd Surviving thrugh every adverse irustane and t triuphing at last ”. The panins ang h he as t be t ried ere the riinals f Lndn’s under2rld. The authr depited it nt in a ranti d just as his nteprary nvels , but shed uh iserable reality. That reality as the great and enduring strength f the bk. Dikens kne it a lt by lse bservatin , hih he had already denst rated in , had nespaper skethes f Lndn street s and riinal urt . Als , there as anther reasn , that is , he kne it by his n experiene. He as brn in a prvident ay ; s even hen he as very yung , he suffered a lt . He kne thse kinds f feeling and f urse he uld share the slitary hild’s pain , fr he beildered in thse years hen he hand labred hpelessly in the blaking - arehuse. As he said uh later , hiself ight have bee a little rbber r a little vagabnd. That perid f tie as s bitter and galling t this sensitive by that any years later , hen he as very suessful , he uld nt lk bak upn it ithut tears in his eyes. aybe it as the ain reasn that hy he tk uh re attentin t n peple’s lives and thEir feelings.
3、liver Tist’s influene and literary value
liver Tist as ne f the st iprtant sial nvels in Dikens’ early rks. Als , it as the first tie that Dikens led readers int a very sad rld. The desriptin f the riinal slus f Lndn that little liver lived brught Dikens a ne lass f serius readers interested in sial refr. Peple started t think abut sial reasns fr all f thse riinal phenena. And in this nvel , Dikens advates his vie f rld haritable persn ill have gd repense. liver Tist as faus fr expsing the dark sides f peple lived ut that tie. It expsed the hypritial and ruelty f parish rkhuse thrugh depiting the little rphan by liver Tist’s hildhd in it . He gave realisti pitures f the hrrible existene in rkhuse. ne f the iprtant harateristis f liver Tist as the real and speifi desriptin f peple h lived in the btt f siety. Their iserable lives , inluding all the details , gave the readers a real feeling : these ere fitins. Als ,it as the first tie that any sall ptates appeared in English literature. Dikens arried the gd t radiatins f realis nvels sine 18th entury f England and als develped it . He reated his unique tehnique and fred his n style. Dikens’ rks axe very iprtant in English literary histry. They established the base f ritial realis and had effet upn the develpent f the hle Eurpean realis nvels. liver Tist as harles Dikens’ first authenti nvel and als as the first tie that he led readers int a real but terrible life f underrld. This nvel as a vivid piture and harles Dikens as an exellent realist .
参考 文献
[1]王佐良. 英国文学史[] . 北京:商务出版社,1996.
[2]陈挺. 狄更斯[] . 沈阳:辽宁人民出版社,1982.
[3]罗经国. 狄更斯评论集[] . 上海:上海译文出版社,1981.·40 · 玉溪师范学院学报
